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launch the initiative

Толкование Перевод

1 launch the initiative

поддерживать инициативу

on the initiative — по инициативе

peace initiative — мирная инициатива

shown initiative — проявлял инициативу

display initiative — проявлять инициативу

displayed initiative — проявил инициативу

English-Russian big medical dictionary > launch the initiative
2 launch the initiative

Космонавтика: поддержать инициативу

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > launch the initiative
3 initiative

1. n инициатива, почин

undeveloped initiative — начинание, не получившее поддержки

timeliness of the initiative — своевременность инициативы

business initiative — предпринимательская инициатива

surrendering the initiative — уступание инициативы

retaining the initiative — удерживание инициативы

regaining the initiative — возвращение инициативы

2. n инициатива, находчивость, предприимчивость

to show initiative — проявлять инициативу

regain the initiative — возвращать инициативу

retain the initiative — удерживать инициативу

seize the initiative — захватывать инициативу

seizure of the initiative — захват инициативы

inhibiting initiative — сдерживание инициативы

3. n юр. право законодательной инициативы, законодательная инициатива

recaptured the initiative — перехватил инициативу

recapture the initiative — перехватить инициативу

recapturing the initiative — перехват инициативы

surrendered the initiative — уступил инициативу

launch the initiative — поддерживать инициативу

4. a начинающий; начальный

5. a вводный; предварительный

Синонимический ряд:

1. initial (adj.) beginning; inaugural; inceptive; incipient; initial; initiatory; introductory; nascent

2. taking the first step (noun) ambition; drive; energy; enterprise; enthusiasm; get-up-and-go; hustle; ingenuity; inventiveness; motivation; push; taking the first step

Антонимический ряд:

apathy

English-Russian base dictionary > initiative
4 initiative

n

инициатива

to abandon one's peace initiative — отказываться от своей мирной инициативы

to be full of initiative — обладать инициативой

to come forward with a peace initiative — выступать с мирной инициативой

to draw up a new initiative — готовить новую инициативу

to kill the initiative — уничтожать инициативу

to launch / to put forward an initiative — выступать с инициативой

to regain the initiative — возвращать себе инициативу

to take the initiative — брать инициативу в свои руки

to turn the initiative back to smb — возвращать инициативу кому-л.

to unveil an initiative — обнародовать инициативу, выступать с инициативой

to wrest the political initiative from smb — перехватывать политическую инициативу у кого-л.

- diplomatic initiative
- peace initiative
- political initiative
- Private Finance Initiative
- SDI
- Strategic Defense Initiative
- the peace initiative has been deadlocked

Politics english-russian dictionary > initiative
5 anti-tax

прил.

гос. упр. анти-налоговый* (о каких-л. действиях, направленных на смягчение государственной политики в области налогообложения)

anti-tax initiative — законодательная инициатива, направленная на снижение налогов

the launch of a new anti-tax initiative — начало новой законодательной инициативы, направленной на снижение налогов

anti-tax zelots — активные поборники снижения налогов

A group of anti-tax zealots led by right winger Dennis Falk are backing a 2006 initiative campaign to repeal Washington State's estate tax.

See:

tax revolt

Англо-русский экономический словарь > anti-tax
6 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
7 push

1. n толчок

give the door a hard push — толкните дверь посильнее

hand push — толчок руками

valve push — толчок поршня

gentle push — лёгкий толчок

push start — запуск "с толчка"

push - off — одновременный толчок руками

2. n толкание

push towing — буксировка методом толкания

3. n давление, нажим, напор

the push of a crowd — натиск толпы

push and pull of demand — давление со стороны спроса

triceps push down — трицепсовый жим вниз на блоке

4. n удар

5. n быстрое продвижение, бросок

the big scientific push into the south-polar region — крупные научно-исследовательские работы, стремительно разворачивающиеся в районе Южного полюса

6. n воен. разг. наступление; продвижение вперёд; энергичная атака

the big push began in May — в мае началось мощное наступление

push home the assault — завершать атаку

to push forward to the attack — перейти в наступление

push forward — спешить; продвигаться, стремиться вперёд

7. n разг. поддержка, покровительство, протекция

8. n решительная минута, критические обстоятельства

at a push — в критический момент

9. n разг. энергия, решительность, предприимчивость; напористость

a man of push and go — энергичный, предприимчивый и самоуверенный человек

10. n разг. усилие, энергичная попытка

we must make a push to get it done — мы должны поднажать, чтобы сделать это

11. n разг. рекламирование, проталкивание

побуждение, импульс

12. n разг. разг. увольнение

to give the push — уволить

13. n сл. австрал. шайка, банда хулиганов или преступников

14. n сл. влиятельная группировка, клика

political push — влиятельная политическая группировка

15. n сл. нажимная кнопка; кнопка

emergency stop push button — кнопка аварийной остановки

animated push button — анимированная командная кнопка

locking push button — нажимная кнопка с фиксацией

cycle start push button — пусковая кнопка

virtual push button — виртуальная кнопка

16. n сл. кнопка включения

to be in the push — быть в курсе дела

push button — кнопка

close push button — кнопка замыкания

17. v толкать, пихать

somebody pushed me — кто-то толкнул меня

I pushed the plug into the socket — я воткнул штепсель в розетку

to push aside all obstacles — устранять все препятствия

give a push — толкать

18. v проталкиваться

he pushed through the crowd — он протиснулся сквозь толпу

the boy pushed in front of us and got to the ticket office first — мальчик протиснулся вперёд и оказался первым у кассы

push way — проталкиваться; протолкаться

19. v подгонять, подталкивать

20. v ускорять; увеличивать скорость

to push the vessel — ускорить ход корабля

21. v усиливать

to push the sound — форсировать звук

22. v нажимать, надавливать

to push the button — нажать кнопку

23. v осуществлять нажим, оказывать давление; настаивать; приставать

we do not wish to push him for payment — мы не хотим принуждать его уплатить деньги

24. v не хватать

he is pushed for money — он крайне стеснён в деньгах, у него туго с деньгами

25. v настойчиво продвигать, добиваться; домогаться

unions pushing for higher wages — профсоюзы, добивающиеся повышения заработной платы

push for — добиваться

push to a decision — добиваться решающего успеха

26. v проталкивать

they pushed the bill through Congress — они протолкнули законопроект через конгресс

27. v распространять, продвигать

28. v продвигаться

to push as far as Paris — дойти до Парижа

29. v продвигать, развивать

he pushed the argument one step further — он несколько развил свой рекламировать

30. v давать ростки, пускать корни

push out — давать ростки, пускать корни

31. v амер. разг. приближаться к определённому возрасту или к определённой цифре

the crowd is pushing 2000 — толпа насчитывает около 2000 человек

stable push — информация из первых рук

32. v амер. разг. торговать наркотиками, продавать наркотики

to push the pavement — продавать товары на улице

33. v разг. жарить, наяривать вовсю

to push a pen — работать в канцелярии

34. n диал. прыщ, угорь

Синонимический ряд:

1. attack (noun) attack; effort; onset

2. crowd (noun) crowd; crush; drove; horde; multitude; press; squash; throng

3. drive (noun) campaign; crusade; drive

4. set (noun) bunch; circle; group; lot; set

5. shove (noun) bearing; butt; force; jolt; nudge; prod; propulsion; shove; thrust

6. stimulus (noun) catalyst; goad; impetus; impulse; incentive; incitation; incitement; instigation; motivation; propellant; provocative; spur; stimulant; stimulation; stimulus

7. vigor (noun) ambition; bang; enterprise; getup; get-up-and-go; go; initiative; pep; punch; snap; starch; vigor; vitality

8. bulldoze (verb) bulldoze; butt; elbow; hustle; jostle; shoulder

9. deal (verb) deal; peddle

10. increase (verb) aggrandize; augment; beef up; build; compound; enlarge; expand; extend; heighten; increase; magnify; manifold; multiply; plus

11. induce (verb) induce; inspire; prod; prompt

12. press (verb) bear; compress; constrain; crowd; crush; jam; mash; press; squash; squeeze; squish; squush

13. pressure (verb) overpress; pressure

14. promote (verb) advertise; boost; plug; promote

15. ram (verb) drive; force; goad; launch; muscle; peddle; poke; propel; ram; shove; thrust

Антонимический ряд:

apathy; drag; pull

English-Russian base dictionary > push
8 program

1. n
программа

to activate a program — вводить программу в действие

to administer a program — выполнять / осуществлять программу

to adapt a program — приспосабливать программу

to adopt a program — принимать программу

to advance a program — выдвигать программу

to apply a program — использовать / применять программу

to approve a program — утверждать / одобрять программу

to arrange a program — подготавливать программу

to attack smb's program publicly — публично критиковать чью-л. программу

to authorize a program — санкционировать программы

to be responsible for a program — нести ответственность за выполнение программы

to block a program — блокировать программу

to bring up a program — выдвигать программу

to carry out a program — выполнять / осуществлять программу

to carry through a program — проводить программу

to combine programs — объединять программы

to compromise a program — компрометировать программу

to conduct a program — проводить программу

to construct a program — составлять программу

to contribute to a program — способствовать выполнению программы; вносить вклад в программу

to counter a program — противостоять программе

to cripple a program — мешать проведению программы

to cut social programs — сокращать ассигнования на социальные нужды

to dismantle a program — отказываться от программы

to draft a program — разрабатывать проект программы

to draw up a program — составлять программу

to elaborate a program — разрабатывать программу

to embark on a program — приступать к осуществлению программы

to endorse a program — одобрять программу

to enhance a program — увеличивать программу

to examine a program — рассматривать программу

to execute a program — выполнять программу

to expand / to extend a program — расширять программу

to foment a program of civil disobedience — разжигать кампанию гражданского неповиновения

to forgo a program — поступаться программой

to formalize a program — оформлять программу

to formulate a program — излагать программу

to freeze test program — замораживать программу испытаний

to fulfill a program — выполнять программу

to give support to a program — оказывать помощь при осуществлении программы

to go ahead with a program — проводить программу

to halt a program — приостанавливать программу

to imperil a program — ставить под угрозу выполнение программы

to implement a program — выполнять программу

to initiate a program — начинать осуществление программы

to jeopardize a program — ставить под угрозу выполнение программы

to launch a program — начинать осуществление программы

to lay down a program — вырабатывать программу

to lay out a program — излагать / намечать программу

to map out a program — намечать / составлять программу

to monitor a program — следить за выполнением программы

to outline a program — излагать / намечать программу

to press ahead with a program — настойчиво продолжать программу

to proclaim a program — провозглашать программу

to profess a program — придерживаться программы; отстаивать программу

to promulgate a program — обнародовать программу

to pursue a program — проводить программу

to put a program in jeopardy — ставить под угрозу выполнение программы

to put brakes on a program — тормозить проведение программы

to put forward a program — выдвигать программу

to resume a program — возобновлять программу

to review a program — пересматривать программу

to scrap a program — свертывать программу

to set out a program — излагать / намечать программу

to set up a program — составлять программу

to shut down a program — закрывать программу

to slash a program — урезать ассигнования на какую-л. программу

to speed up a program — ускорять осуществление программы

to sponsor a program — спонсировать программу

to unfreeze one's nuclear program — размораживать свою ядерную программу

to unveil one's program — обнародовать свою программу

to water down one's program — ослаблять свою программу

- action program
- action-oriented program
- activated program
- ad hoc program
- advanced technical training programs
- aerospace program
- agrarian program
- agrarian reform program
- aid program
- all-embracing program
- alternative program
- ambitious program
- anti-inflation program
- anti-marine pollution programs
- armament program
- assistance program
- atomic energy program
- atoms-for-peace program
- austerity program
- ballot-counting program
- bilateral program
- black programs
- broad program
- broad-ranging program
- budget program
- categorical assistance program
- civil nuclear program
- civil nuclear-power program
- clear-cut program
- coherent program
- component program
- comprehensive program
- compromise program
- concerted program
- concrete program
- consolidated program
- constructive program
- coordinator of a program
- country programs
- crash program
- daily program of sittings
- detailed program
- development program
- diminution in a program
- disarmament program
- disease control programs
- domestic assaults on a program
- dormant program
- draft program
- economic development program
- economic recovery program
- economic reform program
- election program
- energy program
- established program
- European Recovery Program
- execution of a program
- expanded program
- export promotion program
- family planning program
- famine relief program
- feasible program
- feed-back program
- fellowship program
- field programs
- fiscal program
- flight program
- follow-on program
- follow-up program
- food program
- foreign policy program
- general democratic program
- global program
- government program
- halt to the program
- health program
- home-policy program
- housing program
- implementation of a program
- industrial development program
- innovative program
- in-plant training program
- integrated program
- interdisciplinary program of research
- intergovernmental program
- investment promotion program
- job-training program
- joint program
- land reform program
- large-scale program
- live program
- long-range program
- long-term program
- major program
- manned program
- marine program
- massive program
- maximum program
- medium-term programs
- militant program
- military-political program
- military-space programs
- minimum program
- modernization program
- monitoring and evaluating programs
- multilateral aid program
- national program
- nation-wide program
- natural resources development program
- negotiating program
- nondefense program
- non-nuclear defense program
- nuclear program
- nuclear test program
- nuclear-power program
- nuclear-weapons program
- operational program
- optional program
- party program
- Peace Program
- peaceful program
- performance of a program
- phased program
- pilot program
- political program
- population program
- power program
- price support program
- priority program
- privatization program
- production program
- program aimed at smth
- program for economic cooperation
- program for peace and international cooperation
- program has begun its most difficult period
- program has raised objections
- program of action
- program of activities
- program of consolidation
- program of general and complete disarmament
- program of gradual change
- program of measures
- program of militarization
- program of national rebirth
- program of research
- program of revival
- program of work
- promotion program
- public investment program
- public program
- reconstruction program
- recovery program
- reform program
- regional program
- regular program
- rehabilitation program
- research program
- resettlement program
- restructured program
- retraining program
- revised program
- revision of a program
- rural development program
- safeguards program
- safety standards program
- scientific program
- social program
- social welfare program
- sound program
- space exploration program
- space program
- special-purpose program
- Star Wars program
- Strategic Defense Initiative Program
- study program
- systematic assessment of the relevance, adequacy, progress, efficiency, effectiveness and impact of a program
- target program
- technical aid program
- terrorism reward program
- tough program
- training program
- unconstructive program
- under the program
- unemployment insurance program
- UNEP
- United Nations Environment Program
- utopian program
- vast program
- viable program
- war program
- wasteful program
- welfare program
- well-balanced program
- well-planned program
- well-thought-out program
- wide-ranging program
- work program
- world food program
- youth exchange program 2. v
составлять программу, разрабатывать программу; программировать

Politics english-russian dictionary > program
9 national

1. прил.
1) общ. национальный, общенациональный, народный (относящийся к данной стране, народу в целом; в отличие от местного, регионального, международного)

national interests — национальные интересы

national law — национальное [внутригосударственное\] право

national price average — средний уровень цен по стране

national producer — общенациональный производитель

Syn:

nationwide

See:

international, transnational, supranational, domestic, national accordance, national account, national accounts, national affairs, national administration 2), national advertising, national agreement, national assent, National Automated Accounting Research System, national bank 2), national bolshevism, national brand, national campaign, national central bank, National Change of Address, national character, national communism, national communist, National Competition Policy, national competitive bidding, national consent, national consumption, National Counterintelligence Executive, national currency, National Development Bond, National Disability Development Initiative, national distribution, national distributor, national economic accounting, national economics, National Exchange Market System, national firm, National Flood Insurance Program, national government, national harmony, national idea, national identity, national income, National Institutional Delivery System, National Insurance, national interest, national launch, national legitimacy, national market, national marketer, national marketing, national minimum wage, national nominating convention, national non-domestic rate, national numbering agency, national origins system, national origins quota system, national ownership 2), national patent, national patent law, national policy, national policy, national politics, national product, national promotion, National Public Accountant, national question, national reconciliation, national retailer, national sales force, national sales manager, national savings, National Secretary's Day, national security, national self-consciousness, national self-determination, national service, National Socialism, national sovereignty, national tax policy, national taxes, national trademark, national treatment, National Vocation Qualification, national wealth, national wholesaler, National Westminster Bank Ltd. v. Holesowen Presswork and Assemblies Ltd., National Association of Securities Dealers Rules of Fair Practice, National Bank Act, National Banking Act, National Exchange Market System Act, National Flood Insurance Act, National Health Service Reorganization Act 1973, National Housing Act, National Income and Product Accounts, National Labor Relations Act, National Minimum Wage Act 1998, National Trade Estimate Report, National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers, National Advertising Benevolent Society, National Advertising Division, National Advertising Division of the Council of Better Business Bureaus, National Advertising Review Board, National Advertising Review Council, National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Agricultural Statistics Service, National Alliance for Insurance Education & Research, National Alliance for Insurance Education and Research, National Alliance Research Academy, National and Local Government Officers' Association, National Assembly, National Association for Variable Annuities, National Association of Accountants, National Association of Colleges and Employers, National Association of Corporation Schools, National Association of Corporation Training, National Association of Cost Accountants, National Association of Employment Managers, National Association of Export Companies, National Association of Federal Credit Unions, National Association of Health Underwriters, National Association of Independent Insurance Adjusters, National Association of Independent Insurers, National Association of Insurance and Financial Advisors, National Association of Insurance Brokers, National Association of Insurance Commissioners, National Association of Insurance Women, National Association of Investment Clubs, National Association of Investment Companies, National Association of Investors Corporation, National Association of Life Underwriters, National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies, National Association of Pension Funds, National Association of Personal Financial Advisors, National Association of Professional Insurance Agents, National Association of Professional Surplus Lines Offices, National Association of Public Insurance Adjusters, National Association of Purchasing Managers, National Association of Recording Merchandisers, National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, National Association of Schoolmasters and Union of Women Teachers, National Association of Securities Dealers, National Association of Securities Dealers and Investment Managers, National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, 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National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers

2) общ. государственный (финансируемый и/или контролируемый государством; в отличие от частного)

national library — государственная [национальная\] библиотека

See:

national administration 1), national bank 1), national curriculum, national debt, national ownership 1), national property, national treasury, National Archives and Records Administration, National Cemetery Administration
2. сущ.
общ. подданный, гражданин (какого-л. государства)

French nationals — французские граждане

enemy nationals — граждане враждебного государства

fellow nationals, one's own nationals — сограждане, соотечественники

See:

specially designated national, Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States, resident 2. 2)

* * *
1) национальный, относящийся к данному государству, народу; 2) внутренний, в отличие от международного.

Англо-русский экономический словарь > national
10 AIM

1) Компьютерная техника: Addictive Instant Messenger, Arh Integrated Media

2) Авиация: Aircraft Integrated Maintenance

3) Военный термин: ADCOM Intelligence Memorandum, ASAS( All- Source Analysis System) Interface Module, Abrams Integrated Management, Armor, Infantry, and Mechanized Infantry, Army installation management, accuracy in measurement, active inert missile, advanced information memorandum, aerial intercept missile, aid to improved marksmanship, airborne infrared mapper, airman's information manual, alarm indicating monitor, area interdiction mine, armored, infantry and mechanized, automated information management, autonomous infantry mortar

4) Техника: Australian Institute of Metals, access isolation mechanism, advanced interface module, air-isolated monolithic circuit, air-isolated monolithic structure, air-isolation monolithic structure, airborne intercept missile, analog input module, application interface module, associative indexed access method, asymmetric inverted mesa, auroral ionospheric mapper

5) Сельское хозяйство: Agricultural Input Management

6) Религия: Athletes International Ministry

7) Юридический термин: Act, Intent, And Motive

8) Страхование: Associate in Management

9) Биржевой термин: альтернативный инвестиционный рынок (рынок акций компаний, не представленных на Лондонской фондовой бирже), Alternative Investment Market, Лондонская биржа альтернативных инвестиций, рынок альтернативных инвестиций, рынок альтернативных инвестиций Лондонской биржи

10) Грубое выражение: Asshole Insertion Magnet

11) Телекоммуникации: automatic identification manufactures

12) Сокращение: ATM Inverse Multiplexer, Advanced INFOSEC Machine, Aerospace Industries Malaysia, Air Intercept Missile, Air traffic control beacon IFF Mk XII system, Air-Intercept Missile, Aircraft Interphone & Mixer (Yugoslavia), Alarm Indication Monitor, Am I Moses?, American Indian Movement, American Institute of Management, Anti-Invasion Mine, Asset and Identification Management program (pilot 1989, nationwide starts 1991), Association of Information Management, Automatic Identification Manufacturers (barcode standards group), Automatic Inflation Modulation, Alternative Investment Market (of the London Stock Exchange), Africa, India, Middle East

13) Университет: Academic Improvement Methods, Agriculture Instructional Media

14) Фото: Aerial Independent Models

15) Вычислительная техника: associative indexed ( access) method, Automatic Interface Management (Brother), Advanced Invar Mask (Display, ViewSonic), Alternate Input Method (OS/2), Apple, IBM, Motorola (consortium, Apple, IBM, Motorola, organization), Association of Imaging Manufacturers (organization), AOL Instant Messenger (protocol, AOL, IM), ATM / Ascend Inverse Multiplexing (protocol, ATM), служба AIM (название одного из сервисов AOL и соответствующей программы-клиента для мгновенного обмена сообщениями, интернет-пейджер AIM), AOL instant messenger, ассоциативный индексный метод доступа, тест для проверки многопользовательских и многопроцессорных систем

16) Транспорт: Aeronautical Information Manual

17) Фирменный знак: American Innerspring Manufacturers

18) СМИ: Accuracy In Media

19) Деловая лексика: Amsterdam Interprofessional Market

20) Образование: Achievement Is Meaningful

21) Автоматика: assembly and information manager, avalanche induced migration

22) Макаров: atoms in molecules

23) Расширение файла: AOL Instant Message Launch (Netscape), Asm Text Mode Image File (The Ultimate Draw)

24) Уровнеметрия: (3402) Application Interface Module 3402

25) Общественная организация: Action International Ministries, Africa Island Mission, Asthma Initiative of Michigan

26) Программное обеспечение: Adam Image Maker

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > AIM
11 VIP

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Vegetative Insecticidal Protein, весьма важная персона, высокопоставленное лицо, VIP-персона

2) Компьютерная техника: Veritas Integration Platform, Versatile Image Processor, Versatile Interactive Pan, Video Integration Processor, Virtual Immediate Processing, Vlb Isa Pci, Voyager Information Portal

3) Медицина: vasoactive intestinal peptide, вазоактивный интестинальный пептид

4) Разговорное выражение: (сокр. от very important person) весьма важная персона

5) Американизм: Very Important Papers, Very Important Presentation, Very Impressive Pork

6) Спорт: Very Important Player

7) Военный термин: Variable Incentive Payment, Ventilated Improved Pit, Verified Independently For Performance, Victory In Place, Visitor Improvement Program, Visual Information Projection, Visual Input Processor, variable incentive pay, virtual impact point, visitor information publication, visual identification point, voice information processor, важная персона, важное лицо

8) Техника: V-groove isolation polycrystalline, VHDL instruction processor, vacuum impregnated magnetics, versatile information processor, video input processor, video integrator and processor, viewers in profile, vision information program, visual image processor, visual input

9) Шутливое выражение: Very Important Palestinian, Very Important Petunia

10) Религия: Very Important Prayer, Very Inspirational Posse, Visual Inspirational And Performing, Voices In Praise

11) Юридический термин: Values Integrity And Principles, Verified Identified Parentage, Very Intoxicated Person, Victim In Past, Visually Impaired Person

12) Ветеринария: Versatility In Poodles, Very Important Pandas, Very Important Pet, Very Important Ponies

13) Дипломатический термин: (very important person) очень важная персона

14) Музыка: Vanilla Ice Posse

15) Оптика: virtual image processing

16) Телекоммуникации: VINES Internet Protocol

17) Сокращение: Vehicle Improvement Program (USPS database contains contract records on the purchases of all non-mail hauling vehicles for the Postal Service), Vehicle Improvement Programme, Vertical launch Interface Processor, Vertically Integrated Photodiode, Video Imaging Projectile, Visual Integrated Presentation

18) Университет: Very Important Problem, Virginia Instructors Of Physics

19) Физиология: Various Individualistic Personalities, Vascular Intervention Program, Vision Integrated Performance, Visual Information Processing

20) Электроника: Vertically Integrated Pnp, Very Intense Power

21) Вычислительная техника: Versatile Interface Processor, video image processor, visionary interpreter for PostScript, visual programmer, Virtual Internet Protocol (address, IP), VLB - ISA - PCI (board, VLB, ISA, PCI), Visual Information Projection (terminal, Bull)

22) Биохимия: вазоактивный интестинальный полипептид

23) Биотехнология: Visual immunoprecipitation

24) Транспорт: Vehicle Investment Protection

25) Пищевая промышленность: Very Impressive Proportions

26) Фирменный знак: Valerie Irons Protection, Vista Income Properties, Volunteers In Progress

27) Реклама: Очень важная персона

28) Деловая лексика: Value Indulgence And Privilege, Very Important Partners, Very Innovative Product, Virtual Interactive Partnership, Virtual Internal Procurement, Visibility Image And Positioning, Vision Insight And Planning, Volunteers In Partnership, Volunteers Invaluable Participants, Volunteers Of International Paper, важная персона (very important person)

29) Образование: Values Integrity People, Very Interested Parents, Very Involved Parents, Victory In Partnership

30) Контроль качества: value improvement program

31) Сахалин Ю: value improving practices, value improving practices/process

32) Авиационная медицина: voice interruption priority

33) Макаров: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, vertical ionization potential

34) Безопасность: very important person

35) Расширение файла: Variable Information Processing, Video Information Provider, Virtual Interrupt Pending, Visual Interactive Parser

36) ООН: Very Ignorant People, Very Impotent People

37) Общественная организация: Volunteer Investment Program

38) Правительство: Various Interesting Points, Very Irksome Place, Virginia Initiative Plant

39) НАСА: Visual Inspection Program

40) Программное обеспечение: Visual Interactive Programming

41) Международная торговля: Value In Partnership

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > VIP
12 ViP

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Vegetative Insecticidal Protein, весьма важная персона, высокопоставленное лицо, VIP-персона

2) Компьютерная техника: Veritas Integration Platform, Versatile Image Processor, Versatile Interactive Pan, Video Integration Processor, Virtual Immediate Processing, Vlb Isa Pci, Voyager Information Portal

3) Медицина: vasoactive intestinal peptide, вазоактивный интестинальный пептид

4) Разговорное выражение: (сокр. от very important person) весьма важная персона

5) Американизм: Very Important Papers, Very Important Presentation, Very Impressive Pork

6) Спорт: Very Important Player

7) Военный термин: Variable Incentive Payment, Ventilated Improved Pit, Verified Independently For Performance, Victory In Place, Visitor Improvement Program, Visual Information Projection, Visual Input Processor, variable incentive pay, virtual impact point, visitor information publication, visual identification point, voice information processor, важная персона, важное лицо

8) Техника: V-groove isolation polycrystalline, VHDL instruction processor, vacuum impregnated magnetics, versatile information processor, video input processor, video integrator and processor, viewers in profile, vision information program, visual image processor, visual input

9) Шутливое выражение: Very Important Palestinian, Very Important Petunia

10) Религия: Very Important Prayer, Very Inspirational Posse, Visual Inspirational And Performing, Voices In Praise

11) Юридический термин: Values Integrity And Principles, Verified Identified Parentage, Very Intoxicated Person, Victim In Past, Visually Impaired Person

12) Ветеринария: Versatility In Poodles, Very Important Pandas, Very Important Pet, Very Important Ponies

13) Дипломатический термин: (very important person) очень важная персона

14) Музыка: Vanilla Ice Posse

15) Оптика: virtual image processing

16) Телекоммуникации: VINES Internet Protocol

17) Сокращение: Vehicle Improvement Program (USPS database contains contract records on the purchases of all non-mail hauling vehicles for the Postal Service), Vehicle Improvement Programme, Vertical launch Interface Processor, Vertically Integrated Photodiode, Video Imaging Projectile, Visual Integrated Presentation

18) Университет: Very Important Problem, Virginia Instructors Of Physics

19) Физиология: Various Individualistic Personalities, Vascular Intervention Program, Vision Integrated Performance, Visual Information Processing

20) Электроника: Vertically Integrated Pnp, Very Intense Power

21) Вычислительная техника: Versatile Interface Processor, video image processor, visionary interpreter for PostScript, visual programmer, Virtual Internet Protocol (address, IP), VLB - ISA - PCI (board, VLB, ISA, PCI), Visual Information Projection (terminal, Bull)

22) Биохимия: вазоактивный интестинальный полипептид

23) Биотехнология: Visual immunoprecipitation

24) Транспорт: Vehicle Investment Protection

25) Пищевая промышленность: Very Impressive Proportions

26) Фирменный знак: Valerie Irons Protection, Vista Income Properties, Volunteers In Progress

27) Реклама: Очень важная персона

28) Деловая лексика: Value Indulgence And Privilege, Very Important Partners, Very Innovative Product, Virtual Interactive Partnership, Virtual Internal Procurement, Visibility Image And Positioning, Vision Insight And Planning, Volunteers In Partnership, Volunteers Invaluable Participants, Volunteers Of International Paper, важная персона (very important person)

29) Образование: Values Integrity People, Very Interested Parents, Very Involved Parents, Victory In Partnership

30) Контроль качества: value improvement program

31) Сахалин Ю: value improving practices, value improving practices/process

32) Авиационная медицина: voice interruption priority

33) Макаров: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, vertical ionization potential

34) Безопасность: very important person

35) Расширение файла: Variable Information Processing, Video Information Provider, Virtual Interrupt Pending, Visual Interactive Parser

36) ООН: Very Ignorant People, Very Impotent People

37) Общественная организация: Volunteer Investment Program

38) Правительство: Various Interesting Points, Very Irksome Place, Virginia Initiative Plant

39) НАСА: Visual Inspection Program

40) Программное обеспечение: Visual Interactive Programming

41) Международная торговля: Value In Partnership

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ViP
13 aim

1) Компьютерная техника: Addictive Instant Messenger, Arh Integrated Media

2) Авиация: Aircraft Integrated Maintenance

3) Военный термин: ADCOM Intelligence Memorandum, ASAS( All- Source Analysis System) Interface Module, Abrams Integrated Management, Armor, Infantry, and Mechanized Infantry, Army installation management, accuracy in measurement, active inert missile, advanced information memorandum, aerial intercept missile, aid to improved marksmanship, airborne infrared mapper, airman's information manual, alarm indicating monitor, area interdiction mine, armored, infantry and mechanized, automated information management, autonomous infantry mortar

4) Техника: Australian Institute of Metals, access isolation mechanism, advanced interface module, air-isolated monolithic circuit, air-isolated monolithic structure, air-isolation monolithic structure, airborne intercept missile, analog input module, application interface module, associative indexed access method, asymmetric inverted mesa, auroral ionospheric mapper

5) Сельское хозяйство: Agricultural Input Management

6) Религия: Athletes International Ministry

7) Юридический термин: Act, Intent, And Motive

8) Страхование: Associate in Management

9) Биржевой термин: альтернативный инвестиционный рынок (рынок акций компаний, не представленных на Лондонской фондовой бирже), Alternative Investment Market, Лондонская биржа альтернативных инвестиций, рынок альтернативных инвестиций, рынок альтернативных инвестиций Лондонской биржи

10) Грубое выражение: Asshole Insertion Magnet

11) Телекоммуникации: automatic identification manufactures

12) Сокращение: ATM Inverse Multiplexer, Advanced INFOSEC Machine, Aerospace Industries Malaysia, Air Intercept Missile, Air traffic control beacon IFF Mk XII system, Air-Intercept Missile, Aircraft Interphone & Mixer (Yugoslavia), Alarm Indication Monitor, Am I Moses?, American Indian Movement, American Institute of Management, Anti-Invasion Mine, Asset and Identification Management program (pilot 1989, nationwide starts 1991), Association of Information Management, Automatic Identification Manufacturers (barcode standards group), Automatic Inflation Modulation, Alternative Investment Market (of the London Stock Exchange), Africa, India, Middle East

13) Университет: Academic Improvement Methods, Agriculture Instructional Media

14) Фото: Aerial Independent Models

15) Вычислительная техника: associative indexed ( access) method, Automatic Interface Management (Brother), Advanced Invar Mask (Display, ViewSonic), Alternate Input Method (OS/2), Apple, IBM, Motorola (consortium, Apple, IBM, Motorola, organization), Association of Imaging Manufacturers (organization), AOL Instant Messenger (protocol, AOL, IM), ATM / Ascend Inverse Multiplexing (protocol, ATM), служба AIM (название одного из сервисов AOL и соответствующей программы-клиента для мгновенного обмена сообщениями, интернет-пейджер AIM), AOL instant messenger, ассоциативный индексный метод доступа, тест для проверки многопользовательских и многопроцессорных систем

16) Транспорт: Aeronautical Information Manual

17) Фирменный знак: American Innerspring Manufacturers

18) СМИ: Accuracy In Media

19) Деловая лексика: Amsterdam Interprofessional Market

20) Образование: Achievement Is Meaningful

21) Автоматика: assembly and information manager, avalanche induced migration

22) Макаров: atoms in molecules

23) Расширение файла: AOL Instant Message Launch (Netscape), Asm Text Mode Image File (The Ultimate Draw)

24) Уровнеметрия: (3402) Application Interface Module 3402

25) Общественная организация: Action International Ministries, Africa Island Mission, Asthma Initiative of Michigan

26) Программное обеспечение: Adam Image Maker

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > aim
14 vip

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Vegetative Insecticidal Protein, весьма важная персона, высокопоставленное лицо, VIP-персона

2) Компьютерная техника: Veritas Integration Platform, Versatile Image Processor, Versatile Interactive Pan, Video Integration Processor, Virtual Immediate Processing, Vlb Isa Pci, Voyager Information Portal

3) Медицина: vasoactive intestinal peptide, вазоактивный интестинальный пептид

4) Разговорное выражение: (сокр. от very important person) весьма важная персона

5) Американизм: Very Important Papers, Very Important Presentation, Very Impressive Pork

6) Спорт: Very Important Player

7) Военный термин: Variable Incentive Payment, Ventilated Improved Pit, Verified Independently For Performance, Victory In Place, Visitor Improvement Program, Visual Information Projection, Visual Input Processor, variable incentive pay, virtual impact point, visitor information publication, visual identification point, voice information processor, важная персона, важное лицо

8) Техника: V-groove isolation polycrystalline, VHDL instruction processor, vacuum impregnated magnetics, versatile information processor, video input processor, video integrator and processor, viewers in profile, vision information program, visual image processor, visual input

9) Шутливое выражение: Very Important Palestinian, Very Important Petunia

10) Религия: Very Important Prayer, Very Inspirational Posse, Visual Inspirational And Performing, Voices In Praise

11) Юридический термин: Values Integrity And Principles, Verified Identified Parentage, Very Intoxicated Person, Victim In Past, Visually Impaired Person

12) Ветеринария: Versatility In Poodles, Very Important Pandas, Very Important Pet, Very Important Ponies

13) Дипломатический термин: (very important person) очень важная персона

14) Музыка: Vanilla Ice Posse

15) Оптика: virtual image processing

16) Телекоммуникации: VINES Internet Protocol

17) Сокращение: Vehicle Improvement Program (USPS database contains contract records on the purchases of all non-mail hauling vehicles for the Postal Service), Vehicle Improvement Programme, Vertical launch Interface Processor, Vertically Integrated Photodiode, Video Imaging Projectile, Visual Integrated Presentation

18) Университет: Very Important Problem, Virginia Instructors Of Physics

19) Физиология: Various Individualistic Personalities, Vascular Intervention Program, Vision Integrated Performance, Visual Information Processing

20) Электроника: Vertically Integrated Pnp, Very Intense Power

21) Вычислительная техника: Versatile Interface Processor, video image processor, visionary interpreter for PostScript, visual programmer, Virtual Internet Protocol (address, IP), VLB - ISA - PCI (board, VLB, ISA, PCI), Visual Information Projection (terminal, Bull)

22) Биохимия: вазоактивный интестинальный полипептид

23) Биотехнология: Visual immunoprecipitation

24) Транспорт: Vehicle Investment Protection

25) Пищевая промышленность: Very Impressive Proportions

26) Фирменный знак: Valerie Irons Protection, Vista Income Properties, Volunteers In Progress

27) Реклама: Очень важная персона

28) Деловая лексика: Value Indulgence And Privilege, Very Important Partners, Very Innovative Product, Virtual Interactive Partnership, Virtual Internal Procurement, Visibility Image And Positioning, Vision Insight And Planning, Volunteers In Partnership, Volunteers Invaluable Participants, Volunteers Of International Paper, важная персона (very important person)

29) Образование: Values Integrity People, Very Interested Parents, Very Involved Parents, Victory In Partnership

30) Контроль качества: value improvement program

31) Сахалин Ю: value improving practices, value improving practices/process

32) Авиационная медицина: voice interruption priority

33) Макаров: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, vertical ionization potential

34) Безопасность: very important person

35) Расширение файла: Variable Information Processing, Video Information Provider, Virtual Interrupt Pending, Visual Interactive Parser

36) ООН: Very Ignorant People, Very Impotent People

37) Общественная организация: Volunteer Investment Program

38) Правительство: Various Interesting Points, Very Irksome Place, Virginia Initiative Plant

39) НАСА: Visual Inspection Program

40) Программное обеспечение: Visual Interactive Programming

41) Международная торговля: Value In Partnership

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > vip

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на русский

launch the initiative

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на русский

launch the initiative

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